Vol. 2, Issue 1, Part A (2025)

Background: In Āyurveda, Agni is regarded as the foundation of life, governing digestion, metabolism, and overall health. Among the thirteen types of Agni, Jaṭharāgni is the principal digestive fire responsible for the transformation of ingested food into absorbable and nourishing forms. It plays a pivotal role in initiating the process of digestion and influences the functioning of bhūtāgni and dhātvagni that follow.

Aim and Objectives: To explore and analyze the physiological functions of Jaṭharāgni in digestion as per classical Āyurvedic texts and correlate them with modern digestive physiology.

Materials and Methods: A conceptual study was conducted using references from Charaka Saṁhitā, Sushruta Saṁhitā, Ashtāṅga Hṛdaya, and relevant tīkās (commentaries). Comparative analysis with modern gastrointestinal physiology was carried out to establish a comprehensive understanding.

Results: The study reveals that Jaṭharāgni regulates the breakdown, absorption, and transformation of food in a manner similar to the roles of gastric secretions, enzymes, and metabolic hormones in modern science. Imbalance of Jaṭharāgni leads to various digestive disorders like Ajīrṇa, Amlapitta, and Grahāṇi roga.

Conclusion: Jaṭharāgni is the cornerstone of digestion and metabolism in Āyurveda. It not only governs the physical process of digestion but also maintains systemic balance. Understanding its role is essential for the prevention and management of Agni-related disorders.